Top Information Security Threats

Question: Examine about the Top Information Security Threats. Answer: Presentation According to the given situation, the ISIA for example IT Security and Information Assurance division of Emirates performs different key duties, for example, structuring, arranging and making of made sure about foundation. This division ISIA is driven by Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) and other eight security directors those oversee business coherence, data protection and security and the board of malware and botnets and other fundamental components. I am filling in as one of the security chiefs in ISIA division. As we realize that Emirates has become biggest aircraft in the Middle East and to give best carrier administrations to its travelers around the world. The security of data everything being equal and representatives of Emirates is additionally a basic activity to perform by security administrators of ISIA office. The primary concerning point here is that, with the progression in advancements, dangers of data security are additionally expanding. So senior administra tion is worried about readiness of Emirates to deal with these dangers. The CISO of ISIA division has solid accept that assessment of security dangers and proactive advances that will be useful to control these security dangers, is required. In this manner, CISO approaches me to audit worldwide episodes for most recent two years and talk about significant five security dangers and approaches to conquer these dangers. For the sake of this data, Emirates can think about understanding of security penetrates of different associations and significant security dangers or dangers. This data can be utilized as a decent wellspring of information to prepare with respect to data security support (GTN SCS, 2017). Primary Body In most recent two years different security breaks have experienced by business associations that were utilizing data advancements for putting away colossal measure of business data, for example, records of business clients with their own and charge card data, representatives data with their compensations and other basic data, and so forth. This data is obligation of an association to keep up safely into its databases. In any case, number of instances of data security break, hacking and phishing assaults are ordinarily experienced. In episodes of data security penetrates, instances of Kaspersky, Anthem, and Ashley Madison and OPM associations are so mainstream (Forbes.com, 2017). As a security supervisor, I have audited these cases completely and discovered top five dangers that are experienced by these associations. These associations have confronted defenseless data security breaks in regards to hacking of individual and Mastercard data of their possible clients, workers data, orde rs set by clients, their stock and other significant business data. As we have talked about over that Emirates is likewise worried about these issues of data security, so assessment about primary dangers of these cases will be a decent wellspring of information for additional arranging. Five Major Information Security Threats Hacking and Phishing Attacks Malware Attacks SQL Injection Attack Absence of Encryption Obsolete Security Software Hacking and Phishing Attacks The danger of hacking and phishing assault has found so regular among previously mentioned episodes of various business associations. In above episodes, most basic is of hacking and phishing of login certifications, for example, username, passwords, charge card data and individual data of clients and business data of workers. So it can likewise be a major danger for Emirates that data from its databases can likewise be hacked or taken by programmers (Kuranda, 2017). Malware Attacks Malware assault is additionally a major issue for data security in business associations. For taking data from database or framework, malware secondary passage assault is directing by programmers. Messages are sent to clients with defenseless connections of malware. At the point when connections are opened by clients at that point programming content works and malware spread into framework to get to data (Caldwell, 2012). If there should arise an occurrence of OPM association that we have referenced above, by utilizing contractual workers login accreditations malware indirect access assault was led in the system to get to classified data of organization. OPM couldn't recognize purpose behind 343 days. From this, we can see defenselessness of malware assault (Databreachtoday.in, 2017). SQL Injection Attack SQL infusion assault is for the most part actualized on SQL databases by assailants to take data. It is a code infusion strategy which is utilized to assault information driven applications. In this assault, devilish SQL proclamations are embedded into a section field for execution. Through SQL infusion assault, aggressors infuse a code into companys database to get to individual and Mastercard data of clients. It is really a programming content that can pick clients records from databases. On the off chance that database isn't kept secure by security divisions of business associations, at that point this kind of assault can be effortlessly directed by programmers. In this manner, if there should be an occurrence of Emirates associations, it is obligation of ISIA office to be cautious about these sorts of SQL assaults (Data penetrate action is deteriorating, 2007). Absence of Encryption Absence of encryption in information stockpiling or moving information over system is a helpless danger for clients. Encryption is a compelling method to scramble information into incomprehensible structure that is more diligently to figure or comprehend by programmers. On the off chance that engineers and security specialists won't be cautious about encryption of databases data at that point odds of hacking will be expanded. If there should arise an occurrence of above organizations, absence of encryption was additionally a significant danger for data security danger. The carriers business comprises of touchy information into its databases. In this way, encryption of this delicate information is required. Obsolete Security Software Obsolete security programming considers a data security danger in light of the fact that obsolete programming can't keep up security of data for long time that is put away into it. Any malignant code can be tainted this product effectively and it is hard to recognize that issue in obsolete programming arrangements. Emirates Airlines must be cautious about normal updates of programming arrangements. Something else, above issues can be looked by this organization. These are significant dangers of data security and protection that I have audited in security episodes that are occurred in most recent two years. Presently in next portion of this report, we will accentuate on ways that can be utilized to defeat these dangers. Approaches to Overcome Threats Following are some basic approaches to defeat dangers: Propelled Anti-Virus Solutions Encryption Approved Access of Database Firewall Propelled Anti-Virus Solutions The utilization of cutting edge hostile to infection into framework is imperative to get avoidance from infection assaults. In a business association like Emirates, all frameworks ought to be furnished with hostile to infection. Hostile to infection filters entire framework and database lives into framework to recognize infection and subsequent to deducting infection, it is additionally expelled by against infection (Greene, 2017). Encryption Encryption is a kind of cryptography that is utilized to scramble information into ambiguous structure. To keep data from programmers, the greater part of the organizations send data in scrambled structure over system, with the goal that programmers can't comprehend this data or can figure. The data security officials of ISIA division must utilize this method for keep up data security (World Economic Forum, 2017). Approved Access of Database In an association, the entrance of classified data ought not be given to each representative. The director of database ought to approach of server and all PCs in association and he ought to likewise conclude that to whom authorization of database access ought to be given. The login certifications of each client should likewise set by chairman. Whenever approved access strategy won't be actualized into database then every worker will attempt to get to significant data and may a few representatives attempt to spill data to programmers (Ravelin, 2017). Firewall Firewall is a product that is in-incorporated with working framework. It is utilized to keep framework from undesirable elements. In the event that firewall is in on mode and finds an obscure element, at that point it will give ready message to client to mindful about it. In the wake of getting this data, client attempt to obstruct that element by utilizing blocking programming (Densham, 2015). It is a powerful to ward off bugs and helpless things from framework. In this way by utilizing above ways the CISO of ISIA office can keep up security Emirates Airlines data. The data of carriers organizations is extremely touchy and should be kept made sure about and private. Above examined arrangements will give fitting outcomes if these will be actualized appropriately by security specialists, designers and workers in an association. End After this entire conversation we can say that in this report significant security dangers are talked about that can be looked by Emirates aircrafts, if appropriate security won't be kept up for data. Presently, the security dangers experienced by different business associations are in notice of Emirates Airlines and for the sake of this data, association can make key arrangements to improve level of security. It is matter of dependence of clients on an association in regards to security of their data. Along these lines, business associations must do every likely exertion to keep this trust. References GTN SCS. (2017). Top 10 Threats to Information Security. [online] Available at: https://scsonline.georgetown.edu/programs/experts innovation the board/assets/top-dangers to-data innovation [Accessed 11 Apr. 2017]. Forbes.com. (2017). Forbes Welcome. [online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/destinations/quora/2015/12/31/the-main 10-security-breaks of-2015/9/#bd0f3cef78c3 [Accessed 11 Apr. 2017]. Kuranda, S. (20

Relationship Management for Loyalty Card Scheme- myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theRelationship Management for Loyalty Card Scheme. Answer: Consistency of an all around oversaw business relies upon faithful clients. Market vacillation may significantly relies upon the progression of clients along these lines keeping up the flexibly request chain. Despite the fact that advertise vacillation might be inescapable, it might rely upon expanding and diminishing of market citation. This should primarily be possible by giving quality products and enterprises to the clients at a reasonable cost. There are various approaches to remunerate these unwavering clients for their great deeds. Some of them incorporate the accompanying; Offer combined markdown on chose lines-The administration should offer benefit to its regarded clients as a method of consolation. Financial specialists may by and large consider the clients taste by decrease of amount costs also credit a few limits to advance the progression of low quality merchandise. Cost decrease offered to clients establish to expand the amount of rebate over a given timeframe relying upon the volume of merchandise in the market. In that manner the flexibly request chain will be met just as keeping up the clients taste and inclination. (Garnefeld, Eggert, Helm, Tax, 2013). Parting with free things for numerous buys can likewise apply, for instance, purchase three get one free. Make a reliability card plot Mostly this will in general be plastic swipe card which is utilized to store clients focuses at whatever point they shop. An opportunity arrives when they can buy products by the utilization of the focuses accessible in their card and spare their money (Kuester, Benkenstein, 2014) .Through this demonstration the clients are compensated and esteem the shopping place contrasted with others without this kindness. Organization of business cartels-Business association affiliations controls the cost or gracefully of wares in the market. The imposing business model practiced by single financial specialists will stop in this way advancing oligopoly in the market. There are a few organizations that offer limits for different business. For example, when u meet a specific peak when making an approach a given system stage u certainly get a reward as a piece of advancement. (Kumar, Petersen, Leone, 2010). Praise your clients A speculator may shockingly play some happy strategies to reward and enjoyment the clients as a method of thanksgiving. For example one can welcome clients to advancement of certain merchandise for nothing, when propelling another offer let them be the first to buy, take your best clients for a day out or dispatch a social stage and welcome your clients on the web. The acknowledgment will go far towards empowering different clients who love your business to get progressively associated with your prosperity also. Request client criticism Most individuals feel acknowledged when mentioned to give their recommendation towards a specific item that the business give to clients. This recommendation will help in changing the norm relying upon the market creating strategies. The input can be given through exchange, poll or leading reconnaissance. Consistent advancement of innovation has prompted disclosure of new mechanics of changing our business as usual. This broad measures has prompted improvement of new items in the market divisions making provisos for new organizations. Visit ad and online social improvements has prompted speedy acknowledgment of day by day developing items. Clients meet this item even through referrals from the market financial specialists or even from others sources who perceive the items too. A portion of the methods of gathering viable referrals incorporate the accompanying; Perceive and acknowledge wellspring of referrals-An entrepreneur should communicate gratefulness to the wellsprings of referrals by either messaging them, through calls, or in any event, composing a note of thankfulness to them. They become pleased for being valued and as they admit to their companions they allude them as well. Acknowledgment of items and administrations found in the market;- One ought to guarantee that the source referrals are well familiar with the items and administrations they offer, so they can have enough information to allude different clients (Shi, Prentice, He, 2014). They can allude to individuals inside the business region or others that they know paying little mind to their living arrangement. Actualize programs that advance wellsprings of referrals;- Investors ought to make a social stage on site or potentially notice channels that will make a connect to the wellspring of referrals. For instance, making a connection on site and include all the companions of one of the referrals will have the option to see the remarks sent to them. Empowering remarks will pull in more clients. This is one of the strategies that contacts numerous individuals (Van Doorn, Lemon, Mittal, Nass, Pick, Pirner, Verhoef, 2010).The referrals will likewise be presenting their remarks in the equivalent page.one ought to be astounding as they suggest the customers about the business. The customers who have alluded new clients ought to be remunerated with the goal that the rest can move in the direction of the equivalent. References Berman, B., 2016. Referral advertising: Harnessing the intensity of your clients. Business Horizons, 59(1), pp.19-28. Garnefeld, I., Eggert, A., Helm, S.V. what's more, Tax, S.S., 2013. Developing existing clients' income streams through client referral programs. Diary of Marketing, 77(4), pp.17-32. Kuester, M. what's more, Benkenstein, M., 2014. Transforming disappointed into fulfilled clients: How referral reward programs influence the referrer? s disposition and reliability toward the suggested specialist organization. Diary of Retailing and Consumer Services, 21(6), pp.897-904. Kumar, V., Petersen, J.A. what's more, Leone, R.P., 2010. Driving benefit by empowering client referrals: who, when, and how. Diary of Marketing, 74(5), pp.1-17. Shi, Y., Prentice, C. what's more, He, W., 2014. Connecting administration quality, consumer loyalty and faithfulness in gambling clubs, does enrollment make a difference?. Worldwide Journal of Hospitality Management, 40, pp.81-91. Van Doorn, J., Lemon, K.N., Mittal, V., Nass, S., Pick, D., Pirner, P. what's more, Verhoef, P.C., 2010. Client commitment conduct: Theoretical establishments and research bearings. Diary of administration explore, 13(3), pp.253-266.

A Closer Look at Trait Theories of Personality

A Closer Look at Trait Theories of Personality If someone asked you to describe a close friends personality, what kind of things would you say? A few things that might come to mind are descriptive terms, such as outgoing, kind and even-tempered. All of these represent traits. What exactly does this the word trait mean? A trait can be thought of as a relatively stable characteristic that causes individuals to behave in certain ways. The trait approach to personality is one of the major theoretical areas in the study of personality. The trait theory suggests that individual personalities are composed of these broad dispositions.?? Unlike many other theories of personality, such as psychoanalytic or humanistic theories, the trait approach to personality is focused on differences between individuals. The combination and interaction of various traits form a personality that is unique to each individual. Trait theory is focused on identifying and measuring these individual personality characteristics.?? Gordon Allport’s Trait Theory In 1936, psychologist Gordon Allport found that one English-language dictionary alone contained more than 4,000 words describing different personality traits. He categorized these traits into three levels:?? Cardinal Traits: These are traits that dominate an individual’s whole life, often to the point that the person becomes known specifically for these traits. People with such personalities can become so well-known for these traits that their names are often synonymous with these qualities. Consider the origin and meaning of the following descriptive terms: Machiavellian, narcissistic, Don Juan, Christ-like, etc. Allport suggested that cardinal traits are rare and tend to develop later in life. Central Traits: These are the general characteristics that form the basic foundations of personality. These central traits, while not as dominating as cardinal traits are the major characteristics you might use to describe another person. Terms such as intelligent, honest, shy, and anxious are considered central traits. Secondary Traits: These are the traits that are sometimes related to attitudes or preferences. They often appear only in certain situations or under specific circumstances. Some examples would be getting anxious when speaking to a group or impatient while waiting in line. Raymond Cattell’s Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire Trait theorist Raymond Cattell reduced the number of main personality traits from Allport’s initial list of over 4,000 down to 171. He did so primarily by eliminating uncommon traits and combining common characteristics. Next, Cattell rated a large sample of individuals for these 171 different traits. Then, using a statistical technique known as factor analysis, he identified closely related terms and eventually reduced his list to just 16 key personality traits. According to Cattell, these 16 traits are the source of all human personality. He also developed one of the most widely used personality assessments known as the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire.?? Analyzing Personality Factors for Counseling and Career Guidance Eysenck’s Three Dimensions of Personality British psychologist Hans Eysenck developed a model of personality based upon just three universal trails.?? Introversion/Extraversion:  Introversion involves directing attention to inner experiences, while extroversion relates to focusing attention outward on other people and the environment. A person high in introversion might be quiet and reserved, while an individual high in extraversion might be sociable and outgoing. Neuroticism/Emotional Stability:  This dimension of Eysenck’s trait theory is related to moodiness versus even-temperateness. Neuroticism refers to an individual’s tendency to become upset or emotional, while stability refers to the tendency to remain emotionally constant. Psychoticism:  Later, after studying individuals suffering from mental illness, Eysenck added a personality dimension he called psychoticism to his trait theory. Individuals who are high on this trait tend to have difficulty dealing with reality and may be antisocial, hostile, non-empathetic, and manipulative. The Five-Factor Theory of Personality Both Cattell’s and Eysenck’s theory have been the subject of considerable research. This has led some theorists to believe that Cattell focused on too many traits, while Eysenck focused on too few. As a result, a new trait theory often referred to as the Big Five theory emerged. This five-factor model of personality represents five core traits that interact to form human personality.?? While researchers often disagree about the exact labels for each dimension, the following are described most commonly: ExtraversionAgreeablenessConscientiousnessNeuroticismOpenness The Big 5 Personality Traits Assessing the Trait Approach to Personality Most theorists and psychologists agree that people can be described based on their personality traits. Yet, theorists continue to debate the number of basic traits that make up human personality. While trait theory has an objectivity that some personality theories lack (such as Freud’s psychoanalytic theory), it also has weaknesses. Some of the most common criticisms of trait theory center on the fact that traits are often poor predictors of behavior. While an individual may score high on assessments of a specific trait, he may not always behave that way in every situation. Another problem is those trait theories do not address how or why individual differences in personality develop or emerge. A Word From Verywell The study of personality and what shapes and influences each person is fascinating. As you can see, those who study this field have varying opinions. However, they do build off one another and theorists tend to refine the work of their predecessors, which is common in all scientific pursuits. What is most important to understand is that everyone has different personality traits. We each have certain traits that dominate our personality with a myriad of traits that can arise in different situations. Also, our traits can change over time and can be shaped by our experiences.

Should Tablets Become The New Primary Way Students Learn

Should Tablets Become the New Primary Way Students learn? With each passing year, school systems strive to become the best/top school in their district by developing new ways to help further educate young minds and improving over all testing scores. To achieve their goals, some schools has cut down on recess and increased class room proactivity. Other schools just simply took out your basic electives such as home EC and work shop and replaced them with more math classes and science class. Then you have some schools where the newest technology; such as tablets, is the next best thing in to teaching your children. Even though finding the best solution for teaching our children better in school is always the best thing we can do for them, bringing in tablets for children may help them learn how to use technology better, but it will in reality decrease their chances of actually learning to their full content. Tablets should not be allowed to become the primary way students learn. Learning how to use the newest technology is always the useful way of adapting along with how our current century is leading into. Technology is something that is growing rapidly and is used a lot more frequently then ever before. It has improved the way we do things such as communicating with each other, searching for information has became a lot more accessible through the use of online, and even our transportation as evolved from the use of the internet by creating things such as smart cars. ButShow MoreRelatedIpads in the Primary Classroom1042 Words   |  4 PagesThe introduction of the iPad/Tablet in Schools In 2010, apple introduced it’s newest technology, the iPad, which promised to bring mobile technology into every home and classroom. With the introduction of the iPad comes new considerations for learning and pedagogy. (Sheppard, 2011) McKenna (2012) suggests that the internet is as common a school fixture as lockers and library books. Additionally schoolwork is one of the most common activities performed online. One of the motivators for schools toRead MoreStudents Analyze Emerging Technologies Designed Reduce Barriers For Learning And Encourage Both Glocal ( Global And Local ) Perspectives1667 Words   |  7 PagesStudents analyze emerging technologies designed to reduce barriers to learning and encourage both glocal (global and local) perspectives. Students will identify two or three emerging educational technologies and discuss the following for each one: Introduction As an educator, one might acknowledge that there are several technologies that are asserting their way into mainstream education. Since the emergence of technology use in the classroom, learning technology can be found in every disciplineRead MoreImportance on Computer in Education1514 Words   |  7 PagesEducation Act of 1965 allocated money to bring new technology into schools, including computers. In 1975, Apple Computer first donated computers to schools, and by 1981 educational drill and practice programs were developed. By 1996, many schools were rewired for Internet access. Importance of Computer in Primary Schools The use of computer education in both public and private schools provides students with the technology skills required for college. Students in elementary schools begin learning theRead MoreTechnology Devices Should Not Be The Primary Way For Students987 Words   |  4 Pagestechnology. Nowadays, schools have technology devices like laptops or tablets that they use as a learning tool for students. Teachers and students use these devices in class for every subject. Text books have been replaced by the laptops or tablets, which are lend to each students in school and can take home. The devices have the apps for each of their subjects and students can read their text book in an e-book format. 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This is toRead MoreSocial Media Has Affected The Generation Of The 21st Century917 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology has become a growing industry, intriguing adolescences to explore the numerous different ways of interaction. Cell phones, lap tops, and tablets are new compelling products for teens, which allow effortless access to social media. A national survey in 2009 finds that 73% of online teenagers use SNS (social network systems), which is an increase from 55% 3 years earlier. (Lenhart, Purcell, Smith, Zickuhr, 2010) As technology became an everyday use, more people became distracted by socialRead MoreWhat You Have Learned?1393 Words   |  6 PagesSignature Assignment: Apply What You Have Learned Students are interested in learning when school is fun and the educational programs are designed to be engaging. Many schools are embracing technology that actively involve students in learning. The programs are designed to reach out to students and grasp their attention. Students from all different academic abilities can learn and express their knowledge through their use of digital technology. Advancements in technology is allowing for moreRead MoreThe Importance Of Artificial Intelligence2225 Words   |  9 Pagessuch as people, tools, policies, especially the learning environment. Learning areas are not limited to the classroom; it could happen at anywhere, such as the library, home, garden, etc. Therefore, because it is the 21st century, we also need to learn 21st-century skills. Pellegrino and Hilton (2012) mentioned that 21st-century skills include cognitive abilities (nonroutine problem solving, system thinking, and critical thinking), interpersonal skills (range from active listening, to presentation

The Organizational Learning Strategy And How It Is...

This paper will summarize the organizational learning strategy and how it is significant as well as essential, specifically in the course of the progression periods of a company, or once new technology or new techniques within an industry are implemented. As a result, organizational learning has established itself to be one of the most efficient ways for an entire company, a division or a team to accept a wide range of new polls, tactics and concepts to allow for growth and improvement (Senge, 1990). Thus, when comparing to traditional learning techniques, or classrooms, individual learning schedules and other techniques are employed, organizational learning has proven itself to be far more efficient and effective overall, while costing less time and money among other resources. Nonetheless, Senge (1990) states that when working out an organizational learning strategy, there’s one objective above all that must be considered. Setting clear and concise goals, as by means of all impartialities, is utmost significance. Upon conducting a training needs assessment, or planning out how organizational learning will be disseminated, and eventually figuring out what the final result in goal should be, clear and present goals for each and every step, as well as an ultimate goal, are important to management along with organizational strategy. Introduction Problem solving skills identifies problems that involves others in seeking solutions, conducts appropriate analyses andShow MoreRelatedSwot Analysis Of Sia s Leadership For Service Excellence Model1371 Words   |  6 PagesThis is referred to as SIA’s â€Å"Leadership for Service Excellence† model (Wirtz, Heracleous and Pangarkar, 2008). HR strategy begins with recruitment which is extremely rigorous and strict. Out of 18,000 applications received annually, only 10% is hired. 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Compare and contrast Marxist and Functionalist accounts of religion Free Essays

Both functionalists and Marxists share the common view that religion serves to legitimise the morals and laws within society. Many functionalists as well as Marxists do agree that society creates religion as a visual symbol of itself. Followers are ultimately not worshipping their religion, their worshipping society and everything it stands for. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and contrast Marxist and Functionalist accounts of religion or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, this is where the split in views begins. Functionalists see Religion as serving towards the 4 pre-requisites of society. (Namely: Social integration, shared values, social solidarity, and social harmony). By ensuring these needs are met, religion reinforces collective values and promotes solidarity. Functionalism is not over concerned about the ‘why’ religion is allowed to assume this falsified symbolism, but instead recognises it’s use in keeping harmony and faith in society. Durkheim demonstrates this in admitting that religion does not have to be ‘super natural’. It’s important to note that mortal people and objects can gain a sacred status in society similar to that of the idols of religion. For instance: Princess Diana – a national symbol of charity and possibly the last real ‘princess’ of the British Nation in the people’s hearts. She has become sacred because she represents a good quality of society. From this, Durkheim believes â€Å"Understand what sacred things represent and you understand the values of a society†. Here we come into the first major difference between functionalism and Marxism. The former believes that there is a positive relationship between society and the individual. Worship society; believe in society. Marxists, however, inherently are discontent and have an ill view of society as it is. It is understandable how they are opposed to religion indoctrinating the people into a value set, pulling them into the collective conscience that ultimately supports capitalism and the idea that people deserve to â€Å"have their place†. Religion has allows supported class systems and promoted inequality. In gender. In work. In authority. Everything that Marxism is opposed to. â€Å"The rich man placed in his castle – The poor man placed at his gate† Malinowski, famed for his research at the Trabaind islands, did not see religion as a celebration of society, despite the same functionalist perspective as Durkheim. He did, however, agree that religion promotes solidarity. It does so by dealing with emotional stress / life crisis (disruptive events). Religion goes as far as to introduce ceremonies for dealing with various life crisis. Death is given a funeral. Love is given marriage. In all cases then hope is given through the expressed belief in immortality and fellow mourners serve to comfort and support the bereaved, so they can become functional members of society once again. Dangerous and unpredictable events are also surrounded in religious ceremony. Prayer is common before a possibly hazardous experience. These rituals reduce anxiety and increase confidence, strengthening unity in shared situations. Talcott Parsons shares this view and goes onto show how religious devices, such as the 10 commandments, provide the basis for many social norms and morals. Religion guides behaviour and helps in the formulation of decision through this. Finally, Religion is looked to answer the â€Å"ultimate questions† and give meaning to our existence. Humanity needs to feel as though there is meaning in all significant things; meaning to death and suffering, and justification of existence in itself. Religion works to show sense in contradictory scenarios that threaten the balance of ultimate beliefs. For instance, a man who is profiting through the doing of evil will be punished in the after life for his wrongful gain in life. Religion is a warning, a giver of justice, a provider of guidance and ultimate supernatural fear if one goes astray. Marx himself rejects any idea of supernatural aspect of religion. He describes religion as the â€Å"Heart of a heartless world†; The heartless world being the society moulded by capitalism. Religion is born out of a need for comfort, it does just this by cushioning the effect of worker oppression. Marxists have placed religion as part of the super structure, it helps justify the capitalist base as well as the whole super structure. (See rich man quote page 1). Religion as a tool of the bourgeoisie plays an important roll in justifying worker oppression, by showing that all will gain equal reward in heaven for doing the ‘right thing’. Religion has varying levels of strictness according to socio-economic class placement, especially in India where the cast system places strict restrictions and categorisations on a persons place in society. The idea of equal opportunity is ultimately crushed by harsh teachings and acceptance that a lower class worker is having a bad life because super natural forces placed them in that situation as punishment for wrongfulness in previous life. In conclusion, Marxist and functionalist similarities on the subject start and end with the acceptance of religion as a conservative force in society. Neo Marxism does accept the idea (like functionalism) that religion can sometimes be useful to society in bringing about change for the better. For instance the radical role of Liberation Theology. (Madura). Traditional Marxism is totally opposed to the oppressive role of religion and would be surprised to see that radical forces have emerged with some minority religious groups. Functionalists such as Durkheim and Parsons see religion as being a positive and perhaps essential part of the harmonious workings of society but have been criticised for ignoring the dysfunctional, disruptive, and divisive aspects of religion. They fail to consider hostility between religious groups within the same society. â€Å"It would seem that religion threatens social integration as readily as it contributes to it† (Stark Glock). How to cite Compare and contrast Marxist and Functionalist accounts of religion, Papers

] Stem Cell Research Essay Example For Students

] Stem Cell Research Essay Author: Anonymous Email: Anonymous Stem Cell Research is a term that has yielded plenty of promising results over the past 10 years. Stem cells are tiny cells that contain the information needed to develop a minuscule embryo into a fully functioning living organism. These cells can be extracted from embryos in early stages of development and can be used to grow or regenerate a wide range of tissue. Although stem cell research is a relatively new science, many experts agree that much is to be gained. Stem cells seem to remind the body that is knows how to heal itself, (A) says William Haseltine, referring to the studies in which stem cells are injected into a patient in order to stimulate growth of lost or damaged tissue. Recent studies have shown great progress in treating a wide range of diseases. The process by which stem cells are used to regenerate tissue is quite complicated. If one were to try to regenerate skin, for example, they would first have to isolate the nucleus of a skin cell of a donor. Then the nucleus must be implanted into an egg and the egg must be allowed to develop. Then in the early stages of development the scientists can pluck out the embryonic stem cells that are genetically identical to that of the donor. They could then culture these cells to in effect grow skin. The fact that this skin is genetically identical to that of the donor would eliminate the risk of rejection and the need for immunosuppressive drugs that may lead to complications. So far, most of the research has been performed on lab mice. Researchers have successfully isolated stem cells that seem to play an important role in the repairing of heat disease. There have also been promising results in treating of diabetes. Stem cell research has not just been limited to the rodents there have been several human studies. For example a woman named Sylvia Elam had undergone several surgeries since her massive stroke in 1992. She had been wheelchair bound ever since that day and had lost most of her ability to speak. Her condition had been steadily deteriorating and her husband had seen enough of her suffering. They consented for Sylvia to become one of the first 12 humans to have neuron cells, created in a laboratory from stem cells, implanted into her brain. A quarter-sized hole was drilled into her head and a syringe containing six million neuronal cells was inserted into her cortex, which in turn injected these cells into her damaged brain. Her recovery was amazing; within two months she was out of her wheel chair and walking. The doctors reported that six of the 12 patients involved in the study were showing definite signs of improved brain activity. One would think that such promising results would cajole lawmakers to increase federal spending on stem cell research. Until recently, in the United States, this has not been the case. For scientists in the United States, working with stem cells extracted from embryos has been particularly rough. As recently as August of 2001, federal funding of research, which involved extracting stem cells from embryos was illegal. This was a follow up to a law imposed in 1987 that banned US Government funding for fetal research. This ban was eventually lifted in 1993 when the government realized the vast number of lives that could be saved from this significant research. It is a tragedy that this same cycle must be replayed for stem cell research because it sets the United States behind the rest of the world. Many US scientists have been forced to immigrate to Britain for example, where stem cell research laws are much less stringent. In the UK, scientists are allowed to work with embryos 14 days old and younger and still receive federal funding. This allows researchers to capture stem cells that are otherwise inaccessible. Although stem cells have yet to change modern day medicine as it is known today, that vision may soon become a reality. .u3b3ef616aa7a4f80bb561c4475b1a722 , .u3b3ef616aa7a4f80bb561c4475b1a722 .postImageUrl , .u3b3ef616aa7a4f80bb561c4475b1a722 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3b3ef616aa7a4f80bb561c4475b1a722 , .u3b3ef616aa7a4f80bb561c4475b1a722:hover , .u3b3ef616aa7a4f80bb561c4475b1a722:visited , .u3b3ef616aa7a4f80bb561c4475b1a722:active { border:0!important; } .u3b3ef616aa7a4f80bb561c4475b1a722 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3b3ef616aa7a4f80bb561c4475b1a722 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3b3ef616aa7a4f80bb561c4475b1a722:active , .u3b3ef616aa7a4f80bb561c4475b1a722:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3b3ef616aa7a4f80bb561c4475b1a722 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3b3ef616aa7a4f80bb561c4475b1a722 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3b3ef616aa7a4f80bb561c4475b1a722 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3b3ef616aa7a4f80bb561c4475b1a722 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3b3ef616aa7a4f80bb561c4475b1a722:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3b3ef616aa7a4f80bb561c4475b1a722 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3b3ef616aa7a4f80bb561c4475b1a722 .u3b3ef616aa7a4f80bb561c4475b1a722-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3b3ef616aa7a4f80bb561c4475b1a722:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Rose For Emily Character Analysis EssayBibliography: .

3 Fun And Common French Idioms With Animals

3 Fun And Common French Idioms With Animals French idioms are fun and so useful to express a whole concept in a short sentence - here are three common ones, using hens, a bear, and a Spanish cow! Quand Les Poules Auront Des Dents Literally, this means when hens have teeth.   So it means that there is not a chance of this ever happening. The equivalent English idiom is â€Å"when pigs fly†. Pigs, hens†¦ it’s all in the barnyard!   Moi, sortir avec Paula ? Quand les poules auront des dents!!Me, going out with Paula? When pigs fly! Il Ne Faut Pas Vendre La Peau De L’Ours Avant de L’Avoir Tuà © You shouldn’t sell the bear’s skin before you killed it (the bear). Note the pronunciation of â€Å"un ours† - un noors. There is a strong liaison in N, and the final S of ours is pronounced. This idiom is easy to understand in French - it means you should not count on the benefit of an action before you have done it. The equivalent English idiom is â€Å"don’t count your chickens before they’re hatched. With both English and French idiom, it’s not uncommon to leave out part of the sentence: il ne faut pas vendre la peau de l’ours (avant de l’avoir tuà ©). Don’t count your chickens (before they hatch). Comment à §a? Tu vas acheter une voiture avec l’argent que tu vas gagner au loto ? Attends un peu, il ne faut pas vendre la peau de l’ours avant de l’avoir tuà © ! Come again? You are going to buy a car with the money you’ll win at the lottery? Wait a second, dont  count your chickens before they hatch! Parler Franà §ais Comme Une Vache Espagnole Literally, this means to speak French like a Spanish cow. Well, a cow doesn’t speak French to start with, so imagine a Spanish one! This means to speak French very poorly.   The origins of these expressions are unclear, although it’s been in our language since 1640! Some say it comes from â€Å"un basque Espagnol† - referring to the Basque language. Another theory is just that in older French, both vache and espagnole where pejorative terms. So combine both, and it makes quite an insult.   Nowadays, it’s not that bad, but don’t use it lightly still†¦ Ça fait 5 ans que Peter apprend le franà §ais, mais il parle comme une vache espagnole : son accent est si fort qu’on ne comprend pas un mot de ce qu’il dit. Peter has been learning French for five years, but he speaks terrible French: his accent is so strong that you cannot understand a word he says.

Knowledge Manegment Systems essays

Knowledge Manegment Systems essays WHAT IS A KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 1 In today's information based society, knowledge is power. By knowing their customers a business will have the ability to build products coveted by their customers. If a company is to get ahead in business today, they need to have a firm grasp on how to get the best production out of their employees. One way to help employees be all they can be is to provide them with the tools necessary to do their job. With the explosion of the service industry, today more than ever what employees need to do their job is information. Information about warehouse and store inventories, hot and cold selling merchandise and most importantly information about the customers they service. Software developers have heeded the call of the corporate leaders and are creating technology to help managers collect the data they need and put it in a useful form. This paper will discuss the emerging knowledge management systems being used today, in an attempt to take advantage of the enormous databases which have been created. WHAT IS A KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Knowledge management is at various stages of development in American businesses. Some companies are just taking their first steps toward identifying and organizing the components of their information systems. Others have already recruited knowledge managers and are looking to revamp and improve established system. The tools a majority of these companies are using in the renovation efforts are knowledge A knowledge management system is a software tool that is intended to assist, through knowledge processing functions, users who desire to retrieve and manipulate information for different applications. The various tools of such a framework should help users to originate and organize ideas or understand and communicate ideas more easily and accurately than can be done with most current tool...

Financial and accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial and accounting - Essay Example Second, in financial accounting, financial statements are deemed important while users of management accounting focus on accounting reports as the most important products (Stolowy & Lebas 2007). Third, in financial accounting, the IFRS or IAS determine what is supposed to be included in financial reports and statements while in management accounting, managers determine what they want captured in accounting reports. Fourth, financial accounting focuses on historical information whereas management accounting basically utilizes forecasts or focus on future information (Rajasekaran & Lalitha 2011). Fifth, while financial accounting put emphasis on data reliability and objectivity, management accounting emphasizes on relevancy of data. Sixth, financial accounting yields reports about the entire company while management accounting yields reports that suit the needs of the management. Seventh, financial data are usually subject to audit verification while management data are no subject to a uditing process (Rajasekaran & Lalitha 2011). Companies are required to prepare financial statement at the end of their trading periods to disclose information that is deemed crucial for various users of financial statements. 1) Potential investors: Potential investors require financial statements to help them assess financial viability of putting their investment in a company. Based on the information disclosed in the financial statement, for instance profits in profit and loss account, investors are able to forecast future dividends. Also, potential investors may use financial statement figures to gauge the risk associated with investing in a particular company (Gibson 2009). For instance, investors may use high fluctuation in the reported profits of a company as an indication of high risk. Consequently, financial statements assist prospective investors in making investment decisions. 2) Shareholders: Financial statements assist

Module 1 SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Module 1 SLP - Essay Example The nominal value of the company’s shares is $ 0.001 but with the immense growth displayed the company over decades the company’s share price has grown significantly and it is presently $97.06 (as of June 2, 2014) Following is the trend of the share price observed on the day of recording the company’s share price. Above figures prove that the company has been growing each year. Hershey has not just improved its figures but it has excelled in its operational efficiency as well; in 2010, the ratio of income to sales was 8.9% against 2013 when the ratio value was 11.50%. Price/Book ratio indicates high anticipations by the market related to the company performance. The high return on assets of 16.68% is accompanies by high return on equity of 59.75%. Theses return ratios indicate that the company has successfully executed the strategy of gaining high returns. This makes it more attractive for public offering because high returns are more attractive for investors. Such high return rates are supported by underlying efficient operating and profit ratios of 19.06% and 11.56%. The difference between operating and profit indicates that company has fewer overhead/administrative costs, which are only because of its cost minimization techniques. As per Hershey’s annual report, the company is simultaneously investing in more than five countries on research and development for the betterment of its production processes so that the quality and costs could be improved. In addition to this, the company has decent market share despite huge competitors in th e market. As discussed above, Hershey is an advancing company, which is sustaining against tough competition in the market. In spite of the growth over the period of the years, it has still not become the market leader. It only has market capitalization of 21%. If more funds are injected into the company, Hershey will definitely gain more

Efficiency of Window Systems

Efficiency of Window Systems Review of Window Shopping: A Study of Desktop Window Switching. ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Warr, A., Chi, Ed H. , Harris, H., Kuscher, A., Chen, J., Flack, R. and Jitkoff. N. (2016) Window Shopping: A Study of Desktop Window Switching. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 16). ACM, New York, NY, USA. pp 3335-3338. ABSTRACT This is a review of a research article by Warr et al (2016), of Google Inc, Window shopping: A Study of Desktop Window Switching, which is an investigation into the efficiency of window systems. Having multiple windows open is commonplace but users often have problems switching between windows. This report presents an experiment used to evaluate window switching interfaces that are being considered for a new operating system. Its focus is an understanding of the effects of switching on user performances in terms of time to switch and errors in selection. The experiment compares three different styles of window switching interfaces and their effects on user performances. The interfaces chosen were the Cards interface, the Exposà © interface and the Mosaic interface. The results from the experiment suggest that the Mosaic interface allows faster selection than the Cards interface and is less erroneous than the Exposà © interface. SUMMARY OF ARTICLE The report outlines some windows research since the 1980s to the present time. Early research (Bly el al. 1986) showed that even though tiled window systems were faster than overlapping windows, users still preferred overlapping windows. Their conclusion being that it is imperative to create window systems that are both efficient and meet their user preferences. Research by Card and Henderson (1987) argued for designs that reduce the time and cognitive load of switching tasks. Hutchings et als (2004) study showed that users often have 8 or more windows open at any time with a median activation time of 3.8 seconds. Other research looked at arranging and grouping windows. These research works inspired Warr et al to investigate three window switching interfaces. The chosen interfaces were The Cards Interface: These resemble playing cards with small conceptual representation of the window and small amounts of information. They are spread like a stack of cards with the most recent window showing at the front. The Exposà © interface: This arranges the windows in a map, based on their size and original position. The Mosaic Interface: In this interface the windows are paced in order of most recent left to right in a grid form with the windows scaled to size of grid cell. The report details the design and procedures used in the experiment. They used a 3X3 mixed factorial design for the experiment.   This being the three user interface types by three different number of windows open at a time namely 3, 6 and 9 windows. The experiment was carried out to prove two hypothesises about window switching. Hypothesis 1: That the Mosaic interface allows windows to be selected faster than the Cards and Exposà © interfaces Hypothesis 2: The Mosaic interface would have less errors in selection than the Cards and Exposà © interfaces. The experiment was carried out in a lab using 42 participants (27 female and 15 male) ranging in age from 18-60. The participants were volunteers and were selected on the basis that they used laptops as their main computing device, hadnt used any of the selected interfaces previously and on average had more than one window open at any one time. They developed an application which prototyped the interfaces and allowed them to control and gather the data. Trials were carried out using each of the interfaces and selected number of windows. The participant were instructed to switch to predefined windows and the time taken to select the correct window and any errors in selections were recorded. The details of the conditions used are defined. The article displays the results for selection time and errors and shows them in table and graphical format for each interface and number of windows. Using a number of statistical tests the results allowed for partial acceptance of both hypothesis. They suggested that the Mosaic interface allows quicker window selection than the Cards interface that the Mosaic interface has fewer selection errors than the Exposà © interface. In the discussion they imply that the Mosaic interface was faster because the need to scroll in the card selection made it inefficient especially as the number of windows increases. Also in the Exposà © interface as the number of open windows increases the size of the thumbnails in the Exposà © interface decreases making them more difficult to distinguish. There wasnt much difference in number of erroneous selections between the interfaces except the Exposà © interface at the greater number of open windows. They surmise that was due to the fact the thumbnails were small and hard to distinguish. The limitations applied in conducting the experiment makes this a worst case scenario. They conclude that the Mosaic interface enables fast, less error prone window selection. DISCUSSION The article is well laid out. It summarises some similar research previously carried out in window switching although they say that this is the first comparative study of these specific window overview schemes (p 3336). Their reference material is fairly old. The most recent being a study of their own presented at the CHI conference in 2011. The aim of the experiment, investigating the efficiency of three window interfaces, and the reason for it are well defined. It presents the experiment in distinct sections outlining the design of the experiment, how the participants were chosen, the materials used, the procedures, their interpretation of the results and conclusion. They conclude that the Mosaic interface is the faster and the least error prone of the three chosen interfaces. This is internally valid as it was in a controlled environment however how transferable this is in the real world where prior knowledge and familiarity may affect the results is not measured. It also ignores user preferences that Bly et al considered important. There is no measure of the user experience in this experiment. Purposive sampling of participants appears to have been used. They did not include a group with prior knowledge of the interfaces and were careful throughout the experiment to alleviate any learning effects. This may have been for quick and economic reasons even though participants received a gift card. The sample size may be small because of the criteria used to select the participants and there is no explanation as to why there are almost twice as many women. The data collected from this group cant really be used to generalise about the interfaces. The results may be biased towards non experienced users. They could however be used as a control reference for any future research to externally validate these interfaces with other users. The authors of the article are affiliated to Google inc and Warr, Chi and Harris have published many articles in areas relating to computer interface design. Their previous works has been cited many times. This paper was presented to the CHI 16 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. This is a top conference for HCI where the future of how people interact with technology is discussed. It is a conference for top researchers, designers and corporations. This was an ideal place to present this research paper and may prompt further research in this area. A good knowledge of statistics is required to understand the results as presented in the article. The researchers appear to be confident in their methods and choice of statistical tests but without a knowledge of statistics it is difficult to know whether their choice of statistical tests are biased. In their discussion they explore the reasons why the Mosaic interface may have been faster than the Cards interface. The put forward three credible explanations for this. These factors could be explored in any future studies. They acknowledge the fact that the experiment may not reflect real life scenarios. CONCLUSION Warr, Chi, Harris, Kuscher, Chen, Flack, and Jitkoff presented a detailed experiment in window switching interfaces that were being considered for a new operating system. They suggest that the Mosaic interface allows faster selection than the Cards interface and less erroneous than the Exposà © interface from the results they obtained. The results may not transfer to the general population and does not study the ergonomics of the interfaces and ignores user preferences. However they may inspire further research in the area of window switching. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bly, S. A. and Rosenberg, J. K. 1986. A comparison of tiled and overlapping windows. Proc. CHI86, ACM Press, 101-106. Card S. K. and Henderson, A. 1987. A Multiple, Virtual-Workspace Interface to Support User Task Switching. Proc CHI87, ACM Press, 53-59. Hutchings, D. R., Smith, G., Meyers, B., Czerwinski, M., Robertson, G. 2004. Display space usage and window management operation comparisons between single monitor and multiple monitor users. Proc. AVI04, ACM Press, 32-39.

Conditions of the Vietnam War Essay

When fighting in a war, the brave soldiers are not only up against their enemy, but also against the chaotic obstacles born on the battlefield. The constant noise of slaughter, the gut-wrenching weather and the omnipresent fear of death were all elements of war that the soldiers had to coexist with. The odds of walking home after a war are extremely rare and those who were lucky enough to survive were unlucky enough to have had witnessed indescribable scenes of blood and murder. Those who have confronted the wrath of war are left psychologically traumatised and mentally unstable. The fighting conditions during the Vietnam War were excruciatingly tough. The Australian and American troops were forced to fight in a variety of weathers, including the tropical rains and blazing heat. Fighting in environments and conditions they were not yet accustomed to, they were drained of their energy and were demanded high levels of endurance. For some soldiers, the dry season was particularly difficult to fight in. they were required to fight through a haze of dust that penetrated their clothing, filled their pores and worked its way through their eyes and ears, resulting in conjunctivitis and ear infections. One soldier stated, â€Å"It can be a test of human endeavour inside a noisy metal box all day in forty degree heat, with eighty per cent relative humidity and no one has showered for a week.† Soldiers fought with damages to their bodies such as blisters, sunburn and dehydration, making it very difficult to move around and fight to the best of their ability. Other difficulties they faced were the threat of diseases such as malaria and dysentery which is caused by lack of sanitation and dehydration. Spiders, poisonous centipedes, snakes and leeches were some of the deadly creatures the soldiers tried their hardest to avoid. Proper food and clean water was very difficult to obtain as well. Soldiers ate from used cans and drank from dirt covered drink bottles. In a land where the ground explodes and it rains bullets, death is inevitable. Soldiers would be knee-deep in massacre and the vicinity would be infested with the body parts of comrade soldiers. War does not give time for soldiers to grieve and is constantly tainting the earth in the colour of red. Witnessing the death of a comrade is one thing, but to have to crawl, walk and run knowing that you may die a gruesome death at any moment is just as painfully terrifying. Soldiers who survived the Vietnam war were diagnosed with permanent paranoia and insanity. Whilst fighting an enemy on the battlefield, soldiers must simultaneously fight fear in their minds. Guerrilla Warfare During the Vietnam War, Guerrilla tactics were being put into action. Guerrilla Warfare consisted of small surprise attacks and ambushes instead of operating in major gunfire battles. Setting up booby-traps and tripwires were the preferred option as well as digging up complicated systems of underground tunnels in and around small villages. The Vietcong had the home field advantage, they used the rough terrain, thick forests and uneven landscape to their advantage against the American soldiers as they were unfamiliar to such difficult landforms. The Vietcong used their intelligence and stealth to outsmart the Americans and win the war. They did not wear any uniform so the Americans only saw them as ‘villagers with guns’. The Vietcong would also hide behind innocent civilians and use them as a shield against their enemy. They would also dig up American land mines and use the explosives as bombs of their own. Hit-and-run attacks were common and very effective in the fight against the Americans. With dangerous deft, the Vietcong would stealthy attack the Americans and leave before risking capture- incorporating the element of surprise. The Vietcong would escape through a complex network of underground tunnels, oblivious to the Americans. At the start of the war, the American soldiers had no idea of the tunnels’ existence and their unawareness produced great advantage to the Vietcong. The most extensive of the tunnel system laid in the ‘Iron Triangle’ in the Cu Chi distract, which covered approximately 400 kilometres. The Americans highly relied on their helicopters to combat the Vietcong’s skilfully hidden death traps. However, the Vietcong turned to heavy machinery as a form of retaliation against the American’s aerial attacks. The Vietcong would set up multiple booby-traps, hidden among the jungle floor of the forests. Majority of the booby-traps were covered in poison and venom which will increase the risk of infection. Some booby traps that were crafted and handmade by the Vietnamese villagers included: * The Bear Trap- when stepped on would fiercely clutch one’s foot by impaling it with sharp claws * Grenade Traps- a grenade strapped to a tripwire which will instantly explode, leaving no time to escape when triggered * ‘Bouncing Betty’- designed to cut someone in half, when stepped on would result in either paralysis or the complete amputation of a limb * Foot Trap- a hole that was dug knee deep and planted with stakes coated in poison pointing downwards, making it unescapable * Tiger Pit/ Punji Spike Pit- a hole approximately 5-6 feet deep, with the bottom covered in piercing, venomous stakes. It also has a grenade lying in await to ambush those who try to escape The fighting conditions in the Vietnam war were inhumane for both parties. Soldiers put their bodies through irritatingly uncomfortable situations and fought in fearsome scenarios, all whilst trying to keep their limbs intact. Battles arose within battles, whether it be the vicious weather or the unshakable fear of death, soldiers endured an admirable amount of physical and mental struggle. The rage of the Vietnam War claimed many courageous lives and defiled the minds of those who were able to walk away with the luxury of breath. Bibliography * http://vietnamawbb.weebly.com/guerrilla-warfare-and-war-of-attrition.html * http://history1900s.about.com/od/vietnamwar/a/vietnamwar.htm * http://www.pbs.org/battlefieldvietnam/guerrilla/index.html * http://www.vietnam-war.0catch.com/vietnam_war_nature.htm * http://vietnam-war.commemoration.gov.au/combat/viet-cong-tunnels.php * http://www.securenet.net/3rdbn5th/mike35/booby.htm * http://www.echo23marines6569.org/BoobyTraps.html * http://vietnam-war.commemoration.gov.au/armour/conditions.php * https://session.wikispaces.com/1/auth/auth?authToken=03a2e4971076358d2188756c8108eb2b5

Chinese Traditions Essay

Values for one society may seem strange to another society, but nonetheless, they are important to that society. For instance, the painful and debilitating Chinese tradition of foot binding, as bizarre as it may seem to our culture, to the Chinese people, it was the esoteric essence of pure beauty and signified status within the family structure, allowing young women with lotus feet better opportunities for marriage with well-to-do families. Traditional Chinese courtyard life – in existence until the early 1900’s, was a unique lifestyle where Chinese families and neighbours lived in very close quarters – sharing a common courtyard and everyone knowing everyone else’s business. Special rules applied for who occupied which space in certain directions Chinese Courtyards Chinese courtyards are the traditional folk house of China. Courtyards reportedly date back to the Han Dynasty, however none remain from that time period. The oldest among the surviving courtyards are from the Ming Dynasty, while the majority still found today are from the Qing Dynasty. Chinese Chopsticks – born of necessity in the earliest times, highly influenced the eating and cooking traditions still followed today in China. Chinese Knots – One of the most popular knots is double happiness, which in Chinese tradition is given to newlyweds, signifying a wish for their luck and happiness to double. Chinese family names – Xing, Shi and Ming are the most common. There are only 22 ancient Chinese surnames still in use today. The family name indicated a blood tie within the Chinese social structure and was a symbol of class. In ancient China, 5,000 to 6,000 years ago, women were the clan leaders and marriages were only allowed among certain classes. Chinese Festivals Chinese New Year/Spring Festival Gong Xi Fa Cai! Is the greeting that wishes you great prosperity. You’ll hear it constantly during Spring Festival, better known as the Lunar New Year. This is a time when everyone tries to get back to their ancestral home to celebrate with their families, perhaps visit the local temple, pay off debts, buy new clothes, drive off evil spirits with firecrackers and start off the new year with a great feast. Qing Ming Festival Qing Ming is the time when the Chinese honour their ancestors. They visit the family graves to clean them and share a picnic with the spirits of the dead. (12th day of the 3rd moon) Dragon Boat Festival Over 2000 years ago, Qu Yuan, a righteous mandarin, threw himself into a river to protest against the corruption and mismanagement of the government. His friends took to the water in boats, thrashing at the fish that would devour his body. Today he is remembered with the Dragon Boat Festival, which features races by long skiffs bearing dragon heads and tails. (5th day of the fifth moon) Qi Xi Festival. A special Chinese Valentine’s Day. Qixi is the Chinese version of Valentine’s Day. It’s celebrated on the seventh night of the seventh month of the Chinese lunar calendar. Usually that happens sometime in August on our calendar. And that’s why it’s also called the Double Seven festival. Mid-Autumn Moon Festival The Mid-Autumn moon is the biggest and best of the year, so the Chinese try to watch it from the vantage point of hills or open fields. At the same time they eat moon cakes in memory of an uprising against the Mongols, which was secretly coordinated by messages hidden in the cakes. (15th day of the eighth moon) October 1st – Founding of the People’s Republic October 1st is the day when China celebrates the founding of the People’s Republic. It has been a week of holiday time when many travel as tourists to other parts of China or Asia – or make their way back to their hometowns for a family holiday. Other Ethnic Minority Chinese Festivals Throughout China, minority peoples have their own ancestral festivals when they dress in traditional costumes and celebrate. In Xishuangbanna in southern Yunnan, the Dai minority (cousins to the Thai) welcome the Lunar New Year with the Water Splashing Festival. For 3 days in mid-April, everyone can expect to have water thrown over them. There are also parades, fireworks and dragon boat races. The Tibetan New Year is celebrated with a week of horse races, archery contests, carnivals and temple rituals, in all the major towns. In the wild west of Xinjiang, the Kazhakh communities have their own Chinese festivals that celebrate the life of the grasslands. There are breathtaking displays of horsemanship, including shooting contests on horseback and buzgashi, a form of polo, plus huge feats that include whole roast sheep and fermented mare’s milk. Beijing Opera. Beijing Opera is the most widely known Chinese theatrical style with over 200 years of history. Although the art form started in China’s Yangtze River Yan’an region, it only became fully developed in Beijing, and that is how it’s name came to be. The form employs song and dance with exaggerated movements that leave a strong impression on viewers. While this Chinese style opera is a comprehensive art form utilizing diverse elements such as drama, acting, music, song, props, make-up and costume, it is distinguished from western performance art by its use of such elements for symbolic and suggestive purposes, rather than realism. Performers must adhere to a variety of stylistic conventions and rules. They must master songs, acting and their lines, in addition to dance. The art form uniquely combines traditional song, music, narration, dance, circus and martial arts, contrary to the western tradition that separates song, dance and theatre. Chinese Shadow Puppetry Is an ancient form of storytelling which was popular during the Song Dynasty during the holiday season. The stories of the shadow puppets told of events that had happened elsewhere in the country and stories with a Buddhist background. Chinese Culture Chinese Culture – Special 10th Birthday On the day a child turns 10, most families will hold a party for the child. It is common to have this party in a hotel and invite everyone you know – which could be more than 100 people. There is a western style birthday cake served – and all the guests are invited to a meal. Each guest is subtly expected to make a donation of about $20 and before leaving, each guest receives a small gift. The one birthday party I attended in 2000, I received a box of facial tissue. Others in attendance received rolls of toilet paper – and the gifts were happily received and highly appreciated. Chinese Culture – Common Greetings Ni hao – is the common greeting for â€Å"hello† (sounds like KNEE-HOW) There are some terms for good morning(zao- sounds like ZOW), good afternoon (xia wu hao), good evening (wan shang hao), but most often you will hear just ni hao. Good–bye is zaijian. Mintian jia – is also very common – â€Å"see you tomorrow†. Chinese Culture – Children are Pension Plan With the one child policy enforced in China, most families will rely on that one child to support them in their old age. All the money the family can afford is spent on the best education that they can buy for their child – in hopes that their child will make it into a good university and have a good paying job in the future – thereby, being able to support his own family and his parents. This puts an extreme amount of pressure on the child to perform well amidst tremendous competition for a place in a prestigious university. If a child does not do well in school, he is scorned by his parents and family and loses face. Those parents lucky enough to have a government party job will enjoy a small pension when they retire. But most Chinese have no social support to look forward to as they age – so they must rely on their family. It is common for families to live together. The older parents will take care of the house, the cooking and any grandchildren, while their child and his spouse go out to work each day. Chinese Culture – Chinese Men Carrying Handbags You will see Chinese men carrying two different types of handbags. They might carry a small personal bag – like the French men do – or you may see them carrying their girlfriends handbag – as they walk or shop together. I found this quite amusing – and even more so after I married my Chinese husband . . . as before we would go out – he would choose for me which handbag I should carry –so that his things could fit inside too – and of course, he would carry it for me! It is almost like a sign of affection – like a boy carrying a girls schoolbooks for her. Chinese Culture – Best Chinese Hangover Cure If you’ve had too much to drink with your friends – don’t be surprised if you end up in a restaurant and are served pig intestine soup – sworn to be the best cure for a hangover. Chinese Culture – One Child Policy Most families in China have adhered to the one child policy. In the autonomous provinces, where Beijing does not have absolute control over the ethnic groups, they don’t have to adhere to the one child policy. However, if you have the money, or if your family is connected to the right people – for a price – you can pay a fee to have a second child. The one child policy has caused a lot of female babies to be abandoned – so that the mother could have another chance to try to have a boy baby. A large part of the Chinese population still believe it is better to have a boy than a girl – because a boy is more likely able to support his family in later life, than a girl. There are a lot of Chinese baby girls up for adoption – and North American families are scooping them up. This one child policy, however, is creating a new problem. There is becoming a shortage of Chinese females in the population. Already, there have been kidnappings of women – to make them into wives in mountain villages. The situation is predicted to grow worse in the future – with many young men unable to find a woman to marry. Chinese Dress: Qipao * The one-piece dress featured a high neck and straight skirt. It covered all of a woman’s body except for her head, hands, and toes. The qipao was traditionally made of silk and featured intricate embroidery. * The qipao worn today are modeled after ones made in Shanghai in the 1920s. The modern qipao is a one-piece, formfitting, floor length dress that has a high slit on one or both sides. Modern variations may have bell sleeves or be sleeveless and are made out of a variety of fabrics. Sports Martial arts. * China is one of the main birth places of Eastern martial arts. Chinese martial arts are collectively given the name Kung Fu ((gong) â€Å"achievement† or â€Å"merit†, and (fu) â€Å"man†, thus â€Å"human achievement†) or (previously and in some modern contexts) Wushu (â€Å"martial arts† or â€Å"military arts†). China also includes the home to the well-respected Shaolin Monastery and Wudang Mountains. The first generation of art started more for the purpose of survival and warfare than art. Over time, some art forms have branched off, while others have retained a distinct Chinese flavor. Regardless, China has produced some of the most renowned martial artists including Wong Fei Hung and many others. The arts have also co-existed with a variety of weapons including the more standard 18 arms. Legendary and controversial moves like Dim Mak are also praised and talked about within the culture. Tai Ji Quan Tai Ji Quan, which is also known as Chinese shadow boxing, is a major division of Chinese martial art. Tai Ji Quan means â€Å"supreme ultimate fist†, and is a kind of Chinese boxing, combining control of breath, mind and body. It emphasizes body movement, following mind movements, tempering toughness with gentleness and graceful carriage. The traditional legend goes that the wise man, Zhang Sanfeng of the Song Dynasty (960-1279), created Tai Ji Quan after he witnessed a fight between a sparrow and a snake. Most people agreed that the modern Tai Ji Quan originated from Chen style Tai Ji Quan, which first appeared during the 19th century in the Daoguang Reign of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). Chinese Wedding Traditions Welcoming the Bride: * The Chinese wedding ritual begins with the groom going to the bride’s home. Younger brides often have a few girlfriends at the home who will tease the groom before handing over the bride. The girls will barter with the groom who must beg and bribe the girls with small gifts or red envelopes stuffed with money are handed over in exchange for the bride. * Before leaving her home, the bride and groom bow before the bride’s parents. Then, they head to the groom’s home. In the past, the bride was picked up from her home and taken to the groom’s home in a sedan chair with trumpets blaring to announce her arrival. Today, most brides arrive in a car. Bowing to Heaven and Earth: * Once at the groom’s home, the bride and groom bow to heaven and earth in front of the groom’s family’s home altar or at a local temple. Then, the couple bows before the groom’s parents before bowing to each other. Traditional Tea Ceremony: * At the groom’s home, the couple offers tea to their elders including the groom’s parents. Acceptance of the tea is confirmation that the family has welcomed the bride into the groom’s family. Auspicious Days The Chinese still rely on fortune tellers to predict the most auspicious days (and years) to marry. Many couples will postpone their wedding plans until the right day or right year that promises success. In some provinces, you will find very large groups of couples getting married the same day – because they believe in the luck of that day – for most success in their marriage. In China, it is common for many young couples live together the year before they are actually married and start on the paperwork process. The most common time to celebrate a marriage is at Chinese New Year or on auspicious days. Chinese Cuisine. The history of Chinese cuisine can be traced back to primitive societies and their use of fire. Cuisine was invented some 400,000 years ago. Some other accounts of the history of Chinese cuisine takes the beginning to the Chinese stone age, when the cultivation of rice and the production of noodles, both typical representations of Chinese cuisine as we have known today, are understood from archaeological findings. Over the centuries, as new food sources and techniques were invented, the Chinese cuisine as we know it gradually evolved. Chopsticks, which are made from all sorts of materials and which are one of the hallmarks of Chinese cuisine, have been used as eating utensils at least as far back as the Zhou Dynasty. Stir-fried dishes became popular during the Tang Dynasty. The stir-fry method of cooking was invented out of necessity, in order to conserve expensive and scarce fuel. As early as the 7th century B. C. Chinese cuisine began to be separated as Southern and Northern cuisines. In general, the southern dishes emphasize freshness and tenderness. Northern dishes, due to its colder climate, have more fat and garlic which is offset with vinegar. During the period of the Tang (618-907 A. D. ) and the Song (960-1279 A. D. ) dynasties, people went in a great deal for nutritional medical value of different plants: fungus (mushrooms), herbs, vegetables. At this time â€Å"medicinal food† for prevention and cure of diseases, for overall health became important. Cantonese/Guangdong Cuisine Guangdong cuisine is characterized by their cooking methods of mostly steaming, boiling, saute and stir-frying with thick gravy. Dishes are lightly cooked and not as spicy and hot as the other 3 groups. Due to the long duration of summer, they prefer light and refreshing foods and seafood. Only in the winter do they eat fatty foods and strongly flavoured foods. Shandong Cuisine The third major Chinese cuisine is Shandong cuisine – also known as Lu cuisine. It has a long history and wide popularity and was developed from the Qi and Lu culture of ancient China. It is said to have traces of palatial cuisine. Dishes are strongly flavoured and made of costly ingredients such as shark fin, abalone, sea cucumber, deer meat, white fungus and others. Due to the long duration of the cold winter in north China and a shortage of vegetables, Shandong cooks are skilled at making high-calorie and high-protein dishes. Sichuan Cuisine The second major Chinese cuisine is Sichuan. World famous Chan cuisine traces back to the ancient Ba Kingdom (modern day Chongqing) and Shu Kingdom (modern day Chengdu) and is known for it’s oily, hot and spicy taste. The uniquely hot, pungent flavour is created with a mixture of red pepper, garlic and ginger. Su Cuisine. The forth major Chinese cuisine originated from Shuzhou, Yangzhou and Hangzhou area and is known as Su cuisine. It is an exchange of northern and southern cuisines, dating back to the time the region was the home of Emperors during the Six Dynasties and the Southern Song Dynasty. It is a combination of high-heat and high-protein dishes, plenty of lake fish and seafood, and exquisite refreshments and snacks such as pine nut crystalline meat sweet cake, crab yellow soup bun, crab yellow steamed dumpling and Ningbo dumpling, all of which are famous throughout China.

The Symbolism of Car in American Culture - 3516 Words

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